Table of Contents
Nuclear Medicine
What is Nuclear Medicine?
Nuclear medicine is a technique that uses a small amount of radioactive material to create pictures of the inside of the body or to provide treatments and therapy. Images can help doctors see how organs and tissues are functioning, which can be really useful in diagnosing and treating various health conditions. It’s a bit like getting a sneak peek inside your body without any surgery!
Specific uses of nuclear medicine include:
– Finding disease in its earliest stages
– Targeted treatment to specific cells
– Monitoring the bodies response to treatment
How Did We Start Using Nuclear Medicine?
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The field of nuclear medicine started to take shape in the mid-20th century with the development of the gamma camera by Hal Anger in the 1950s. The gamma camera is a crucial imaging device used in nuclear medicine to detect gamma rays emitted by radioactive substances inside the body.
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This provided a non-invasive way to visualize the internal functioning of organs and tissues. The gamma camera allowed physicians to obtain detailed images based on the distribution of radioactive tracers, enabling them to observe the processes within the body.
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The use of radioactive iodine for thyroid imaging and treatment was one of the first uses of nuclear medicine. Gradually, technological progress and the identification of diverse radiopharmaceuticals broadened the purview of nuclear medicine, rendering it a valuable tool for the identification and management of an extensive array of medical conditions.
- Nuclear medicine's capabilities were significantly improved in the 1970s with the introduction of positron emission tomography (PET), which produced far more intricate images and useful data about the body's interior workings.
Examples of Nuclear Medicine
Diagnostic Imaging
Diagnostic imaging refers to a variety of methods for looking inside the body to confirm a diagnosis and determine the source of an illness or damage. It is also used by medical professionals to assess how well a patient’s body reacts to therapy for a sickness or fracture.
Most people will have some form of medical imaging in their lifetime. Common examples are:
Therapeutic Applications
For therapy, radioactive materials are used to kill cancerous tissue, shrink a tumor or reduce pain.
Some common types of radionuclide therapy are:
- Treatment of over-active thyroid
- Treatment of thyroid
- Treatment of blood disorders
- Chronic inflammatory rheumatism
Benefits
Benefits
Risks
Risks
Safety and Quality
Nuclear medicine is tightly regulated to ensure the safety of patients, healthcare professionals and the environment. Strict guidelines govern:
- Radiation dosage: Limiting exposure to the minimum necessary for effective treatment.
- Equipment standards: Ensuring medical facilities adhere to high-quality standards.
Bethan Fox
Center for Disease Control and Prevention – Nuclear Medicine
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/nuclear_medicine.htm
Health Images – Diagnostic Imaging
https://www.healthimages.com/what-is-diagnostic-imaging/
UK Health Security Agency – Medical imaging
NHS – Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine https://www.uhd.nhs.uk/index.php/services/nuclear-medicine/therapeutic-nuclear-medicine
PET Scan Image from Wikimedia Commons –
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PET_CT_in_Management_of_Patients.jpg
All other images downloaded from Pexels (free stock images)
