Europe has a diverse approach to nuclear energy, with some countries embracing it while others phase it out. France is a leader in nuclear power, generating most of its electricity from reactors, while Germany has shut down its nuclear plants in favour of renewable sources. The European Union recognizes nuclear power as a low-carbon energy source that can contribute to climate goals, but political and environmental debates continue.

New projects, like Poland’s planned nuclear plants and the UK’s expansion efforts, show a commitment to nuclear energy for energy security and emissions reduction. Meanwhile, concerns about waste disposal, safety, and aging infrastructure shape policies in countries like Belgium and Spain. The European Commission supports nuclear research, funding advancements in technology and safety. The continent is also exploring next-generation reactors, such as small modular reactors (SMRs), for efficiency and flexibility.

Public opinion remains divided—some view nuclear as a reliable solution to energy challenges, while others fear risks, particularly after past incidents like Chernobyl and Fukushima. Despite varying national policies, nuclear energy remains a key part of Europe’s energy mix, balancing sustainability, reliability, and geopolitical considerations as the region navigates its future energy strategy.  Find out where the continent’s nuclear sites are located, and what goes on at each of them, on our interactive map of European nuclear sites.